Mastering the Art of Wine and Food Pairings
When it comes to food and wine pairings, some people carelessly match any dish with any drink, while others painstakingly aim to balance the flavors of the food with the perfect wine. Regardless of your approach, certain dishes can be quite challenging to pair (think potluck, for instance). Understanding how to properly match wine with your meals can really enhance your dining experience. For example, sea bass pairs beautifully with Sauvignon Blanc, duck breast complements Burgundy, and a juicy steak is best enjoyed with a classic Cabernet Sauvignon. Here are some pairing tips that will help your next dish truly shine:
How Food and Wine Pairings Work
Wine flavors are derived from specific components: sugar, acid, fruit, tannin, and alcohol. Foods also have flavor components, such as fat, acid, salt, sugar, and bitter. The most successful food and wine pairings feature complementary components, richness, and textures.
You can try for either a similar pairing or a contrasting one. For pasta in a rich cream sauce, for example, you could cut through the creamy fat with a crisp, dry, unoaked white wine. Or you could wrap the flavor of the wine around the richness of the sauce by choosing a big, ripe, soft Chardonnay or Roussanne/Marsanne blend.
Of course you’ll need to brush up on white wine and red wine basics to understand the flavors of each grape. Armed with the knowledge of grape varieties, you can follow these food elements for a perfect match:
Six Elements of Food and Wine Pairing
There are a few elements that make both red wine and white wine pairings work, and they’re derived from characteristics of the food and how they mingle with those of the wine. These are: fat, acid, salt, sweetness, bitterness and texture.
Fat Element
A lot of our favorite foods, both meat and dairy products, have high levels of fat. Wine doesn’t contain fat, so when matching a wine with fatty foods, remember that it has to balance that fat with acid, cut it with tannin, or match its richness with alcohol.
This is why a prime cut of steak tastes so good with a Cabernet-based wine; the beef’s protein and fat softens up the wine’s mouth-drying tannins. This sets up the tongue for the wine’s fruit and berries and forest flavors to complement the smoky, meaty flavors of the steak.
Acid Element
Acid is another key element in both food and wine. In wine, it adds nerve, freshness and lift. It can do the same with food, as when lemon is squeezed on a fresh piece of fish. When looking for a wine to go with an acidic dish, you should make sure that the perceived acidity of the wine is at least equal to that of the food, or the wine will taste bland and washed out.
Salads are often a challenge for wine matching, but you can make it work if you moderate the acid in the dressing by cutting back on the lemon juice or vinegar. Try using some tangy, bitter greens and offset them with herbal flavors from Sauvignon Blanc or Sémillon.
Salt Element
Salty foods seem to limit your wine choices. Salt can make an oaky Chardonnay taste weird, strip the fruit right out of a red wine and turn high alcohol wines bitter. But with a bit of imagination, you can conjure up some remarkable combinations of salty foods and sweet wines. Bleu cheese and Sauternes is another one of the world’s classic food and wine combos.
Sparkling wines are a homerun with salty, fried foods. The carbonation and yeasty acids emulate beer and clean the salt from your palate, while adding more interesting textures and flavor nuances. Salt is also a principal flavor in briny seafood such as oysters. Acidic wines clean out the salt and balance the rich ocean flavors of the oyster.
Sweetness Element
Sweet desserts and other sugary foods seem easy—just pull out a sweet wine—but beware. Here’s where a rule really needs to be observed.
There are degrees of sweetness. Some recipes will have just a hint of sugar, such as a fruit sauce served over a pork loin. This light, fruity sweetness can be matched very well with rich white wines such as Chardonnay. Higher alcohol tends to give an impression of sweetness, and balances the sugar in the sauce.
With desserts you must be certain that the wine tastes sweeter than the dessert; otherwise the dessert will strip the wine of its sweetness and render it bitter or tart. Though red wine and chocolate is a combination often promoted by the wine industry, you have to be very careful about it. Use a bitter, dark chocolate and a red wine with some sweetness, such as a late harvest Zinfandel, and it can be quite wonderful. But a sweet chocolate dessert and a dry red? Terrible!
Bitterness Element
What about bitter flavors? In some cultures, bitter flavors are prized, but most of the time they are to be avoided. Anything more than just a hint is likely to be perceived as unpleasant. In wine, bitterness usually results from unripe grapes, or a failure to get the stems and pips (seeds) out of the fermenting tank, or mismanaged barrels. When bitterness in wine meets bitterness in food, it acts the opposite of sugar. One does not cancel out the other; they merely combine.
Texture Element
As for matching textures, think light and heavy. Light foods are best with light wines; heavy foods with heavy wines. That’s the safest way to go about it. A more adventurous path is to experiment with contrast: matching light foods to heavy wines and vice versa. This will require more testing, to keep the tension dynamic and avoid having the lighter flavors over-shadowed by the heavy ones.
For every rule of wine pairing there is, you will often find just as many dissenters. However, the most important rule of all is to trust your own palate and enjoy!
Great Wine and Food Pairings
Red Wine Pairings
Pork Chops with Maison Noir OPP Pinot Noir
Wild Rice Salad with Mushrooms with 2018 Alpha Omega Cabernet Franc
Duck Breast with Caramelized Apples and Red Burgundy
Lamb Shanks with Olives and Salmon Run Coho and/or 2021 J Lohr Wildflower Valdiguie
Portobello and Red Pepper Burgers and 2019 Sojourn Cellars Pinot Noir Sonoma Coast
Grilled Salmon with Olive Butter and Orzo and William Selyem Russian River Pinot Noir
Lamb with Apricots and EPOCH GSM
Spicy Grilled Shrimp Stew and J LOHR Riverstone Chardonnay
Roasted Asparagus with Aceto Balsamico and J LOHR Flume Sauvignon Blanc
Steak Frites and Michael David Lodi Zinfandel
Penne with Bacon, Swiss Chard, Jack Cheese and Pecans and 2015 David Bruce Estate Syrah Santa Cruz Mountain
Roast Duckling with Merlot-Chocolate Sauce and Roasted Beets and L'Ecole Merlot
Baked Rigatoni with Eggplant and Sausage and Michael David Earthquake Zinfandel
Slow-Cooked Rack of Lamb and Skipstone Napa Valley Cabernet
Rosé Wine Pairings
Tomato Salad and DAOU Discovery Rose
White Wine Pairings
Avocado, Tomato and Spinach Crepes with Sauvignon Blanc
Cucumber Soup and New York Finger Lakes Riesling
Vietnamese Steak Salad and Dr. Frank Konstantin Semi Dry Riesling
Chicken Tostadas and Dr. Frank Semi Dry Riesling
Chicken and Mushroom Paellas and Salmon Run Chardonnay Riesling
Linguine with Shrimp, Scallops and Clams and Salmon Run Riesling
Pork Loin with Cider-Madeira Sauce and Salmon Run Chardonnay
Chilled Corn Soup with Crab and J LOHR Riverstone Chardonnay
Tomato Gazpacho with Avocado and Lobster and Champagne
Squash Soup with Basil and Michel & Fils Chablis
Grilled Whole Red Snapper and Ratatouille with a William Selyem Drake Chardonnay
Champagne and Sparkling Wine Pairings
Smoked Salmon and Caviar and De Venoge Cordon Bleu Brut
Chicken Liver Pate and Nonvintage Sussex Leonardslee Brut Champagne
Duck Breast with Spaetzle, Chanterelles and Spinach Puree and De Venoge Princes Blanc de Blanc
Last Updated: May 3, 2023 @wine enthusiast
